Events

• 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.
• 1381 - Richard II in England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. Tower of London stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
• 1645 - English Civil War: Battle of Naseby – 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
• 1648 - Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts colony.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.
• 1777 - Stars and Stripes adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.
• 1789 - Mutiny on the Bounty: Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,000-mile) journey in an open boat.
• 1789 - Whisky distilled from maize is first produced by American clergyman the Rev Elijah Craig. It is named Bourbon because Rev Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
• 1800 - French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
• 1807 - Emperor Napoleon I's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland, modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1821 - Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
• 1822 - Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables."
• 1839 - Henley Royal Regatta: The village of Henley, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first Regatta.
• 1846 - Bear Flag Revolt begins - Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
• 1872 - Trade unions are legalised in Canada.
• 1900 - Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
• 1900 - The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
• 1907 - Norway adopts female suffrage.
• 1908 - Fourth German Navy Bill is passed authorising the financing the building of another four major warships.
• 1919 - John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
• 1934 - James J. Braddock scored one of the most upsetting victories in of his boxing career by beating John "Corn" Griffin - roughly marking the advent of his comeback to success and eventually winning World Heavyweight championship
• 1937 - Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
• 1937 - U. S. House of Representatives passes the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act.
• 1938 - Action Comics issue one was released, introducing Superman.
• 1940 - World War II: Paris falls under German occupation,German troops march into Paris, meeting practically no resistance as French and allied forces retreat.
• 1940 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Naval Expansion Act into law which aims to increase the United States Navy's tonnage by 11%.
• 1940 - A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
• 1941 - Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Lithuanians and Latvians, the June deportation, began.
• 1942 - Anne Frank begins to keep a diary.
• 1951 - UNIVAC I is dedicated by U.S. Census Bureau.
• 1952 - The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus.
• 1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" to the United States' Pledge of Allegiance.
• 1955 - Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
• 1959 - A group of Dominican exiles with leftist tendencies which departed from Cuba landed in the Dominican Republic with the intent of deposing Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina's dicatorial regime. Save for four of them, all were killed and/or executed by Trujillo's army. This feat would be the inspiration for a clandestine group that would seek to continue undermining Trujillo's power and would be called "Movimiento Catorce de Junio" (14th of June Movement).
• 1962 - Albert DeSalvo, better known as the Boston Strangler, killed Anna Slesers, his first victim.
• 1962 - The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.
• 1962 - New Mexico Supreme Court in the case of Montoya v. Bolack, 70 N.M. 196, prohibited state and local governments from denying Indians the right to vote because they lived on a reservation.
• 1966 - The Vatican announces the abolition of the index librorum prohibitum (index of prohibited books), which was originally instituted in 1557.
• 1967 - Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.
• 1976 - The trial begins at Oxford Crown Court of Donald Neilson, the killer known as the Black Panther.
• 1982 - Falklands War ends: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley unconditionally surrender to British forces.
• 1985 - TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.
• 2001 - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan form the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
• 2004 - The Workers Party of Bangladesh is split, as Khandaker Ali Abbas leaves to form a new party.

Births